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Hoiokula pendens

(D.D.Palmer) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. (2021)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Thelypteridaceae Genus: Hoiokula

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Bibliography

Name Published In: Fawcett, S., & Smith, A. R. A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae p.49 (2021)

Other References

Palmer 2005:81 (SPNOV/K, O, Mo, EM, WM, H [as Pneumatopteris pendens], DESCR, KEY); Snow et al. 2011:15 (COMBNOV, Syn. P. pendens = Cyclosorus pendens); Wood 2012:100 (REDISCOVER/K); Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016:585 (Syn. C. pendens = P. pendens); Fawcett & Smith 2021:49 (COMBNOV, Syn. P. pendens = Hoiokula pendens)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Hoiokula pendens E. Maui, Kipahulu valley, Palikea Stream, Delta Camp region Acacia-Metrosideros-Cheirodenron montane wet forest with sections of Dicranopteris fernland. W/ Rubus hawaiiensis, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Pipturus, Cyrtandra spathulata, Kadua affinis, Machaerina angustifolia, Psychotria, Diplazium sandwhicianum, Clermontia aborescens Preserved_Specimen Wood 13757-13760 collections made at same location to show series of variability with taxon Wood, K.R. 13757 Maui BISH 2009-05-14
2 Hoiokula pendens E. Maui, east Kopili'ula Acacia-Metrosideros, 50% open 7m canopy, understory of uluhe mat ferns dissected by riparian veg with 'ohia & Cheirodendron, undersory of Ilex, Clermontia arborescens, Scaevola chamissoniana, Myrsine lessertiana, Melicope spp, Hedyotis spp, Coprosma spp, Perrottetia, and Broussaisia, shrubs of Vaccinium, Styphelia, Cyrtandra and Rubus hawaiensis, ferns and bryophytes are common Preserved_Specimen lithophytic rhizome 7 cm sub-erect, fronds narrow, pendent, light green, stipe and rachis light or yellow-green covered with white hairs, scales linear lanceolate light brown with ciliolate hairs on surface and margins, 3-4 united veins on pinnae, occasional around the plunge pools of waterfalls Wood, K.R. 11287 Maui BISH 2005-05-03
3 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Hana FR, Kawaipapa Stream. Scattered and common along this stretch of stream bed. Vegetation: Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Broussaisia, Metrosideros, Syzgium, Clermon tia, Dicranopteris, Spathodea, Sadleria, Cibotium, Kadua, Isachne, Melicope, Myrsine, Coprosma, Hedychium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Freycinetia, Pettosporum, Wikstroemia, Labordia, Diplopterygium, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Pipturus, Psidium, Arundina, Paspalum, Amauropelta, Cyclosorus, Pilea, Peperomia, Dubautia, Selaginella, Psychotria, Lobelia, Ageratina, Deschampsia, Lycopdodiella, Blechnum, Adiantum. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 111209 Maui BISH 2012-11-14
4 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Valley, E part below central pali stream banks Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 3914 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
5 Hoiokula pendens West Maui, Lahaina District, Honokohau Valley, falls at head of valley. Along small stream reach at base of upper fals, west of plunge pool. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Clermontia, Broussaisia, Cyanea, Touchardia, Pipturus, Cyclosorus, Cibotium, Sadleria, Bidens, Cyrtandra, Phyllostegia, Diplazium, Deparia, Kadua, Psychotria, Pilea, Peperomia, Eragrostis, Erigeron, Tibouchina, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Pendent frns on very wet mossy banks. Oppenheimer, H.L. 101308 Maui BISH 2013-10-10
6 Hoiokula pendens Konahuanui trail past lulumohu bench, Honolulu On side of trail with Metrosideros tremuloides, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Odontosoria chinensis Preserved_Specimen Pendent fern Thomas, M.K. 20 Oahu BISH 2019-05-19
7 Hoiokula pendens E. Maui, Kipahulu valley, Palikea Stream, Delta Camp region Acacia-Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with sections of Dicarnopteris fernland. W/ Rubus hawaiiensis, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Pipturus, Cyrtandra spathulata, Kadua affinis, Machaerina angustifolia, Psychotria, Diplazium sandwichinaum, Clermontia arborescens, Freycinetia, Melic Preserved_Specimen Wood13757-13760 collections made at same location to show series of variability with this taxon Wood, K.R. 13758 Maui BISH 2009-05-14
8 Hoiokula pendens Kahikinui, Manawaimui gulch pendant on cliff faces Preserved_Specimen gracile Hobdy, R.W. 3024 Maui BISH 1989-02-28
9 Hoiokula pendens South Kohala, Kohala Mts., Honokane Nui Stream below Kahena Ditch large boulders, steep saturated basalt walls; Carex alligata, Clermontia, Thelypteris stegnogrammoides, T. globulifera, Ctenitis honolulensis, Deparia prolifera, Coniogramme Preserved_Specimen rhizome light brown, translucent brown scales; stipe yellow green, light brown scales, brown white hairs; lamina light green; fronds pendant Wood, K.R. 4837 Hawaii BISH 1995-11-30
10 Hoiokula pendens Hana District. Hana Forest Reserve, headwaters of Kawaipapa Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet forest, dissected by riparian vegetation W/ Broussaisia arguta, Myrsine sandwicensis, Dubautia plantaginea, D. scabra, Kadua affinis, K. axillaris, Scaevola chamissoniana, Clermontia samuelii subsp. hanaensis, C. tuberculata, C. grandiflora Preserved_Specimen rhizome sub-erect, fronts pendent, observed with Cylosorus sandwicensis Wood, K.R. 15630 Maui BISH 2013-08-21
11 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Valley, along Palikea Stream N side, N of Fern Camp About 15 plants on stream bank in Koa Forest. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50501 Maui BISH 2005-05-05
12 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, west fork of Waiakamilo Stream Adjacent to waterfall on overhanging cliff in Metrosideros Wet Forest. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 111901 Maui BISH 2019-11-06
13 Hoiokula pendens E. Maui, east Kopili ' ula Acacia-Metrosideros, 50% open 7 m canopy, understory of uluhe mat ferns dissected by riparian veg with 'ohia & Cheirodendron, understory of Ilex, Clermontia aborescens, Scaevola chamissoniana, Myrsine lessertiana, Melicope spp, Hedyotis spp, Coprosma spp, Perrottetia, and broussaisia, shrubs of Vaccinium, Styphelia, cyrtandra, and Rubus hawaiensis, ferns and bryophytes are common Preserved_Specimen lithophytic rhizome 5 cm sub-erect, fronds narrow, pendent, stipe and rachis coverd with white hairs, scales linear lanceolate, fine, stiff and crinkly, light brown with ciliolate hairs on surface and margins, 3-4 united veins on pinnae, occasional around the plunge pools of waterfalls Wood, K.R. 11291 Maui BISH 2005-05-03
14 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi NAR, west fork of Hanawi Stream. On vertical to steep perennial streams banks, in shady overhangs. Vegetation: Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Acacia-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest. Riparian elements include Deschampsia, Vaccinium, Selaginella, Sphenomeris, Christella, Isachne, and weeds Prunella, Axonopus, Deparia, Blechnum and Cuphela. Preserved_Specimen Occasional, pendant ferns. Oppenheimer, H.L. 71016 Maui BISH 2010-07-13
15 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi NAR, east fork of Hanawi Stream. Occasional, pendant ferns on vertical to steep perennial stream banks, in shady overhands. Vegetation: Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-=Acacia-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest. Riparian elements include Deschampsia, Vaccinium, Selaginella, Sphenomeris, Christella, Isachne, and weeds Priunella, Axonpus, Deparia, Blechnum, and Cuphea. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 71013 Maui BISH 2010-07-13
16 Hoiokula pendens Hilo forest Preserved_Specimen Newell, Brother M. Hawaii BISH 1910-01-01
17 Hoiokula pendens Hanalei, Limahuli Valley, W side of ridge separating Limahuli and Hanakapiai Valleys rain forest, above waterfall; with Metrosideros, Antidesma, Cibotium, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen terrestrial fern Flynn, T.W. 2644 Kauai BISH 1987-12-10
18 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi Stream Growing on a mossy rock wall near the stream, in degraded Metrosideros/Dicranopteris forest. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 89928 Maui BISH 1999-08-22
19 Hoiokula pendens Kaluaaha Valley on wet cliffs Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 371 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
20 Hoiokula pendens W Maui, Wailuku District, Hononana Gulch, W tributary Growing on vertical stream banks 1.5-2m above an intermittent stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest, riparian zone w. Adiantum raddianum & Blechnum appendiculatum. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 40504 Maui BISH 2005-04-21
21 Hoiokula pendens Kahikinui, Manawaimui gulch pendant on cliff faces Preserved_Specimen gracile Hobdy, R.W. 3024 Maui BISH 1989-02-28
22 Hoiokula pendens West Maui, Lahaina District, Wahikuki Gulch. Locally commoon on vertical lower banks of intermittent stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Xylosma, Psychotria, Kadua, Charpentiera, Pouteria, Chierodendron, Dodonaea, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Myrsine, Cyrtandra, Dicranopteris, Cyclosorus, Rumex, Freycinetia, Urera, Piptrus, Boehmeria, Touchardia, Clermontia, Cyanea, Athyrium, Elaphoglossum, Tibouchina, Psidium. Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial fern. Oppenheimer, H.L. 31704 Maui BISH 2017-03-22
23 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hanawi Natural Area Reserve, E of Kopiliula stream, 3340, Aspect: E. Riparian zone, along overhanging wall on W side of s tream Riparian, Wet forest: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Cheirodendron, Sadleria squarrosa, Sadleria cyatheoides, Pipturus, Clermontia arborescens, Machaerina angustifolia Preserved_Specimen Pendant, scattered plants, noteably small in size Pezzillo, Z. 134 Maui BISH 2023-02-08
24 Hoiokula pendens Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Puna District, Thurston Lava Tube Growing on wet, mossy cliff next to tube opening and bridge in closed wet montane Metrosideros/Cibotium forest. Few plants seen, localized in small area. Preserved_Specimen Pendent fern. Pratt, L.W. 3306 Hawaii BISH 2003-04-02
25 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley Suspended from ceiling of well-shaded ledge along the stream bank. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 9 Maui BISH 1972-09-21
26 Hoiokula pendens W Maui, Lahaina District, Hahakea Gulch Along stream corridor, on steep to vertical banks, 0.5m-8m above stream in shady Mesic Forest. Preserved_Specimen Fern. Oppenheimer, H.L. 20618 Maui BISH 2006-02-22
27 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Makawao District, Honomanu Stream. At end of pipeline trail. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Perrottetia, Pipturus, Cibotium, Diplazium, Sadleria, Adiatum, Pilea, Amauropelta, Blechnum, Peperomia, Hedychium, Setaria, Tibouchina, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Scattered plants around waterfalls and plunge pools, pendent on shady, mossy cliffs. Oppenheimer, H.L. 50935 Maui BISH 2009-05-20
28 Hoiokula pendens Hana District. Kawaipapa stream, along stream on wet cliff walls, above Nahiku-Hana area Metrosideros-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest with Sadleria spp., Pipturus albidus, Clermontia grandiflora, Dubautia plantaginea, Cyrtandra grayana, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma foliosa, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Clermontia kakeana, Polyscias oah. Waterfall faces Preserved_Specimen Ferns 1 ft ht, fertile Perlman, S. 23386 Maui BISH 2013-04-11
29 Hoiokula pendens West Maui, Lahaina, Kahoma Stream, S side Vertical basalt, 1-3 m above stream bed. Associated vegetation: Metrosideros, Artemisia, Blechnum, Buddleia, Adiantum, Lythrum, Pneumatopteris. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 60717 Maui BISH 2007-06-19
30 Hoiokula pendens Olokele Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 451 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
31 Hoiokula pendens Honokakau drainage basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 400 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
32 Hoiokula pendens unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH 1863-01-01
33 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Makawao, District, Honomanu Stream. Occasional on vertical basalt walls of perennial streams. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Melicope, Leptecophylla, Coprosma, Broussaisia, Ilex, Smilax, Cibotium, Sadleria, Athyrium, Diplazium, Gunnera, Clermontia, Kadua, Astelia, Uncinia, Elaphoglossum, Asplenium, Dryopteris, Vaccinium, Deparia, Carex, Peperomia, Prunella, Tibouchina, Juncus, Axonopus. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 61222 Maui BISH 2012-06-27
34 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Koolau Gap, E side Preserved_Specimen juvenile Hobdy, R.W. 3391 Maui BISH 1991-07-18
35 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, Kawaipapa drainage basin. Occasional but locally common pendent fern along perennal streams. Vegetation: Riparian zone in Metrosideros wet forest, with Pilea, Amauropelta, Peperomia, Deschampsia, Selaginella. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 81339 Maui BISH 2013-08-22
36 Hoiokula pendens Kuhiwa Stream Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2910 Maui BISH 1987-07-28
37 Hoiokula pendens Kuhiwa Stream Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2911 Maui BISH 1987-07-28
38 Hoiokula pendens Kilauea, Thurston lava tube Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
39 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, west fork of West Wailua Iki Locally common on vertical saturated, mossy stream banks. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Pipturus, Kadua, Diplazium, Rubus, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Diplopterygium, Cyanea, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Touchardia, Amauropelta, Peperomia. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 110742 Maui BISH 2007-11-27
40 Hoiokula pendens West Maui, Lahaina District, Honokowai Valley, north fork Amalu Stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Diospyros, Coffea, Aleurites, Psidium, Cyrtandra, Strongylodon, Rubus, Kadua, Adiantum, Blechnum, Pneumatopteris. Preserved_Specimen Single plant observed on vertical stream wall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81205 Maui BISH 2012-08-07
41 Hoiokula pendens West Maui, Lahaina District, Kauaula Valley. On steep to vertical, mossy walls along perennial stream. Vegetation: Riparian/cliff area along southwest side of perennial stream of northwest fork of valley, in Metrosideros forest. Cliff species include Adiantum, capillus-veneris, A. raddianum, A. hispidulum, Blechnum, Buddleia, Tetramolopium, Peperomia, Carex, Lobelia, Artemisia, Selanginella, Sadleria, Erigeron karvinskianus. Preserved_Specimen Locally common pendent fern. Oppenheimer, H.L. 120801 Maui BISH 2008-12-02
42 Hoiokula pendens Waimano. Central Koolau Mountains. Growing along underhangs on wet dripping faces along gulch bottom. Also growing with Tectaria gaudichaudii, Selaginella arbuscula, Deparia petersenii, Pipturus albidus, Dicranopteris linearis, Miconia crenata, Metrosideros polymorpha, Bazzania sandvicensis, Plagiochila spp., and other bryophytes. Preserved_Specimen Pendent ferns with pinnate fronds. Fronds hairy all over. Hairs 1 to 3 mm long, much longer on stipe and rachis than on pinnae. Probably over 50 plants in this colony. Thomas, M.K. 555 Oahu BISH 2022-11-30
43 Hoiokula pendens South Kohala, Kohala Mts., Honokane Nui Stream below Kahena Ditch large boulders, steep saturated basalt walls; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Carex alligata, Clermontia, Thelypteris stegnogrammoides, T. globulifera, Ctenitis honolulensis, Deparia prolifera, Coniogramme Preserved_Specimen rhizome light brown, translucent brown scales; stipe yellow green, light brown scales, brown white hairs; lamina light green; fronds pendant Wood, K.R. 4837 Hawaii BISH 1995-11-30
44 Hoiokula pendens Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Puna District, Thurston Lava Tube Growing on wet, mossy cliff next to tube opening and bridge in closed wet montane Metrosideros/Cibotium forest. Few plants seen, localized in small area. Preserved_Specimen Pendent fern. Pratt, L.W. 3306 Hawaii BISH 2003-04-02
45 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Keanae Valley pendant on damp cliffs Preserved_Specimen small Hobdy, R.W. 2664 Maui BISH 1986-12-30
46 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Kawaipapa drainage basin. In riparian areas of Metrosideros lowland wet forest. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Kadua, Coprosma, Cibotium, Sadleria, Labordia, Dryopteris, Diplazium, Asplenium, Deschampsia, Pilea, Peperomia, Blechnum, Adiatum, Selaginella, Psidium, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Rubus, Prunella, Paspalum. Preserved_Specimen Locally common pendant fern. Oppenheimer, H.L. 41314 Maui BISH 2013-04-11
47 Hoiokula pendens Kohala Mts., Kohakohou Stream, below diversion dam on seeping walls; with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Clermontia drepanomorpha, Asplenium excisum, Carex alligata, Cyanea tritomantha, Dryopteris, Athyrium microphyllum, Diplazium sandwichianum, bryophytes Preserved_Specimen rhizome brown with red brown scales; stipes 7-9, light brown with red brown lower scales; upper stipe and rachis with white hairs; rachis light green; fronds pendant Wood, K.R. 4697 Hawaii BISH 1995-10-26
48 Hoiokula pendens East Maui, Hana District, Hanawi Natural Area Reserve, Kahawaihapapa ahupuaa. Occasional to locally common pendent ferns along shady, vertical stream banks. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Dicranopteris lowland wet forest with Cheirodendron, Melicope, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Clermontia, Cibotium, Ilex, Coprosma, Kadua, Diplopterygium, Wikstroemia, Dubautia, Cyrtandra, Sadleria Amauropelta, Clidemia, Hedychium, Tibouchina, Machaerina, Isachne, Sphenomeris, Peperomia, Pipturus, Paspalum, Axonopus, Cyperus, Juncus. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 61309 Maui BISH 2013-06-06
49 Hoiokula pendens Lihue District. Ridge just south below Kawaikini,, Iliiliula headwaters. on walls of basalt below steep ridges. Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland/fernland, high wind summit slopes w/ Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Melicope clusiifolia, M. waialealae, Vaccinum calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Dubautia laxa, D. paleata, D. imbricata acronaea, Broussaisia arguta, Bidens forbes Preserved_Specimen fern, stipe and rachis light brown, lower stipe with light brown scales, common Wood, K.R. 15455 Kauai BISH 2013-04-03
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